Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 ameliorate barrier dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived crypt-villus structural small intestine

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 suppressed the gene expression downregulation of cell markers by TNF-α and IFN-γ . L. bulgaricus 2038, S. thermophilus 1131, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were added to the cells. Cells were collected after 42 h in the experiments. The gene expression levels of cell markers ( (A) LGR5 , (B) VIL1 , (C) MUC2 , and (D) LYZ ) were evaluated via real-time polymerase-chain reaction. Data were normalized to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 ( HPRT1 ) expression and are shown as relative expression levels (n = 5). Comparisons were performed using Dunnett’s test. *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The mucin 2 concentration in both samples was measured using the Human MUC2 (Mucin 2) ELISA Kit (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 ameliorate barrier dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived crypt-villus structural small intestine

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 ameliorated the decrease in mucin 2 production and mucin 2-positive cells by TNF-α and IFN-γ . L. bulgaricus 2038, S. thermophilus 1131, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were added to the cells. (A) Cells were collected after 42 h in the experiments. The mucin 2 concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 5). Comparisons were performed with the Brunner-Munzel test followed by the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. * P < 0.05. (B) Mucin 2-positive cells were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy (scale bar, 20 μm). (C) Gene set enrichment analysis was performed. Enrichment plots for the gene set of REACTOME_O_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION are shown. Comparisons between the control and TNF-α + IFN-γ groups (left panel), the TNF-α + IFN-γ and TNF-α + IFN-γ + L . bulgaricus 2038 groups (central panel), and the TNF-α + IFN-γ and TNF-α + IFN-γ + S. thermophilus 1131 groups (right panel) are also shown.

Article Snippet: The mucin 2 concentration in both samples was measured using the Human MUC2 (Mucin 2) ELISA Kit (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Glycoproteomics, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: New Candidate Biomarkers in the Female Genital Tract to Evaluate Microbicide Toxicity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110980

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of proteins whose levels significantly altered upon N9 or BZK treatment determined by proteomic analysis in mouse vaginal brush and tissue samples.

Article Snippet: Nonoxynol-9 (N9) was purchased from Spectrum Chemicals and Laboratory Products (Gardena, CA); tenofovir was purchased from AK Scientific (Union City, CA); benzalkonium chloride (BZK) and high viscosity sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO); mouse and rabbit apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein C-1, CD166, and rabbit IL-8 ELISA kits were purchased from EIAab (Wuhan, China); mouse fibrinogen ELISA kit was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); mouse plasminogen ELISA kit was purchased from GenWay (San Diego, CA); mouse IL-8 ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA); rabbit plasminogen ELISA kit was purchased from Alpco (Salem, NH); rabbit fibrinogen ELISA kit was purchased from Molecular Innovations (Novi, MI); medroxyprogesteron acetate was purchased from Pharmacia (New York, NY); CellTiter-Glo was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI); RNeasy kits were purchased from Qiagen (Valencia, CA); rabbit anti-human olfactomedin 4 (OLFM-4) polyclonal antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); rabbit anti-human mucin 5B polyclonal antibody was purchased from Bioss USA Antibodies (Woburn, MA); rabbit anti-mouse CD166 was purchased from GeneTex (Irvine, CA); rabbit anti-mouse β-actin was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); IRDye 800 Goat anti-rabbit IgG was purchased from Li-Cor (Lincoln, NE); mouse anti-human β-actin monoclonal antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA); donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to IRDye 680 LT and goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated to IRDye 800CW were purchased from LI-COR biosciences (Lincoln, NE).

Techniques: